The Patriot Act Essay - 1618 Words

September 11, 2001 was one of the worst days in U.S. history. Many Muslim men hijacked planes and crashed them into the world trade center buildings, and the pentagon killing almost 3,000 innocent people. After this incident, every Muslim was seen as a terrorist so the U.S government enacted the patriot act, which gave more power to the federal law-enforcement and intelligence gathering in suspected terrorist crimes. The patriot act gives the government power to do whatever they want for â€Å"national security† and take away the civilians civil rights. The government can tap into cell phones and listen in on conversations or even watch what people are searching on the internet. Since the passing of the patriot act racial profiling has grown in the past years especially towards Muslims. The patriot act may have seemed like a good idea at the time but in reality it just gives the government a way to strip citizens of their rights, is unconstitutional, and it needs to be removed . Once the patriot act was enacted racial and ethnic profiling spiked. Now Muslim men are 65% more likely to be stopped for â€Å"random searches† at transportation hubs such as airports. According to Ibrahim Hooper, â€Å"American Muslims have already lost many their civil rights and All Muslims are considered suspects† (Bork). The biggest sign of this is supposedly ethnic profiling that is now occurring all over the country but mostly in airports but other places as well. â€Å"This form of discrimination is felt to beShow MoreRelatedThe Patriot Act1467 Words   |  6 Pagespledged to respond within boundaries set by the Constitution confronting and preventing terrorist attacks. Through Patriot Act, the law enforcement agencies of the Untied States are given the most effective tools to combat terrorists having intentions or plans to attack the nation. It is, in fact, a significant weapon for nation s fight against terror. Major purpose of the Patriot Act is to brea k wall of regulatory and legal polices existing between the law enforcement agencies and intelligence toRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Patriot Act1260 Words   |  6 Pagesour own government. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the president at the time, George Bush, responded by passing an act. This act is known as the Patriot Act. It allows the government unlimited access to phone records, emails, and text messages without a warrant through National Security Letters and Sneak and Peak Searches. Why do they do this, why was this act passed, they claim it’s for our safety. Both can be obtained and carried out without a judge’s approval, without a warrant, andRead More Patriot Act Essay647 Words   |  3 Pages The â€Å"Patriot Act† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Congress sprang into action. Within a month, U.S. lawmakers overwhelmingly approved the USA Patriot Act of 2001, giving law enforcement and intelligence agent’s broader authority to fight terrorists operating in the United States. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Signed into law by the President on October 26, the Patriot Act is designed to fight terrorism on several fronts. First, it givesRead MoreThe Patriot Act Of 2001 Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagessame, as well as the rest of us that watch in disbelief. The attacks on September 11th 2001 led to something called the Patriot Act. In the days after 9/11 Congress hurried to pass a bill to give law-enforcement agencies the power to fight domestic terrorism. On October 26, President George W. Bush signed three hundred page USA Patriot Act into law (Crf.org). The USA Patriot Act of 2001 was created to prevent and catch terrorist in the United States and around the world. The contents of it hasRead More The Patriot Act Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Patriot Act. On September 11, 2001 Muslim terrorists instilled with a hatred of the west attacked the United States in a brutal fashion. Planes were hijacked and flown into the World Trade Center in New York. Over three thousand people were killed and the impregnable nation known as America was know scared and vulnerable. Almost immediately the legislature began drafting an act that would make the war on terror and the fight for homeland security a little easier to fight, this would comeRead More Patriot Act Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesPatriot Act One of the worst, yet momentous events in U.S history occurred on September 11th, 2001. This event released a flow of patriotic fervor and a permanent fear among all Americans that they had also now become suspect to acts of international terrorists. This led to a lot of changes in the attitudes of the executive and legislative branches in the United States government. They came up almost immediately with new measures, which were supposedly against terrorism or terrorist threatsRead MoreUsa Patriot Act1302 Words   |  6 Pagesthe U.S.A. Patriot Act. The title for this bill is an acronym for the United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA Patriot Act). In the years since the passing of the Patriot Act, there has been much controversy and debate regarding the positive and negative advantages, and consequences of this bill. As a member of the law enforcement community I have experienced firsthand some of the changes the Patriot Act has broughtRead More Patriot Act Essays1231 Words   |  5 PagesPatriot Act Were dealing with terrorists who operate by highly sophisticated methods and technologies, some of which were not even available when our existing laws were written. The bill before me accounts for the new realities and dangers posed by modern terrorists. It will help law enforcement to identify, dismantle, disrupt, and punish terrorists before they strike, (President George W. Bush at signing of Patriot Act, 2001). The terrorists of today cannot be reasoned with. We must doRead More The Patriot Act Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patriot Act After the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 our country underwent a change that has drastically affected the fundamental values that our founding fathers instilled in this country. Since that tragic day in September the aftermath of the attacks has started to implicate our Civil Liberties that in this country we hold so dear. Just 45 days after the September 11 attacks, with virtually no debate, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act on October 5th, 2001. This act expandedRead More The Patriot Act Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Patriot Act In the wake of September 11, many things happened very quickly. Along with the beginning of a war against terrorism, an act was passed to help prevent future terrorism in the USA. The name of this is the USA Patriot Act. The act legalizes many surveillance techniques that were once prohibited. The act has been passed without debate, and the new privileges given to our government have not been thoroughly examined. The law enforcers of our country are now capable of monitoring

The environmental management Free Essays

Environmental Management is a really of import constituent of sustainable life. The interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary nature of Environmental Management enables it to work out the complex environmental jobs ( pollution, eroding, implosion therapy, deforestation, desertification, merely to call but a few ) that basically qualify our landscape at the local regional and planetary graduated table. To better understand these jobs, the subject draws on a wealth of expertness in both constructs and attacks from the natural or physical and societal scientific disciplines to develop this interdisciplinary. We will write a custom essay sample on The environmental management or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay seeks to research the nature of environmental direction and in peculiar, attending is drawn on the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinarity of environmental direction. The environmental jobs we face today are many and varied. From pollution, eroding, implosion therapy, deforestation, desertification, to climate change- all present themselves in really practical footings and as such environmental direction is more of import than of all time before. However, the field has been the topic of broad unfavorable judgment. For case Bryant and Wilson ( 1998 ) criticized the field as a consequence of the restrictions in the apprehension of root causes-political, economic or cultural issues. There is no by and large acceptable definition of the capable environmental direction. This is partially due to its ‘ wide range and in portion of the diverseness of specialism ( Barrow, 1999 ) . However, efforts have been made by several writers to specify environmental direction. For illustration, Riordan ( 1995 ) ; Barrow ( 1999 ) ; Wilson and Bryant ( 1997 ) ; Bryant and Geoff ( 2009 ) , have all made significant attempt to specify Environmental Management. Environmental direction has been defined as both a procedure and a field of survey ( Wilson and Bryant 1997 ) . In his book, Barrow ( 1999 p. 5 ) presented an overview of some definitions of Environmental Management. Like Environmental Management, definitions and readings of interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity abound in literature. For case, Klein, 2004 ; Tress and Tress, 2001 ; Tress et al. , 2005 ; Jones and Macdonald, 2007 ; Evans and Randalls, 2008 ; and Wesselink, 2009. In its simplest sense interdisciplinar ity is an integrative research attack that transects many disciplinary boundaries with a common end and the purpose of production of new cognition and theory ( Tress et al. , 2005 ) . As a procedure, Environmental Management, harmonizing to ( Wilson and Bryant, 1997 p.7 ) can be defined ‘ â€Å"as a multi-layered procedure associated with the interaction of province and non-state environmental directors with the environment and with each other. Environmental Directors are those whose support is chiefly dependent on the application of accomplishment in the active and self witting, direct or indirect, use of the environment with the purpose of heightening predictability in a context of societal and environmental uncertainness†¦ . † While the term ‘state ‘ will include province functionaries such as Department of the Environment, DoE, and Department of Environment Food and Rural Agriculture, DEFRA, merely to call a few, ‘non-state ‘ , on the other manus includes environmental NGOs, husbandmans, multinational corporations ( TNCs ) , hunter-gatherers. In this visible radiation, environmental direction is a procedure non sole merely to big national and international environmental histrions but inclusive to a scope of preponderantly local degree environmental histrions ( Wilson and Bryant, 1997 ) . On the other manus, Environmental direction, as a field of survey, evolved with the turning concern about environmental debasement in the late sixtiess and early 1970 ( Bryant and Geoff, 2009 ; Wilson and Bryant, 1997 ) after station industrialisation. Harmonizing to Barrow ( 2006: 24-26 ) Environmental Management as a field can be subdivided into the followers: â€Å"sustainable development issues ; environmental appraisal, patterning, prediction and hindcasting ; corporate environmental direction ; pollution acknowledgment and control ; environmental economic sciences ; environmental enforcement and statute law ; environment and development establishments and moralss ; environmental direction systems and quality issues ; environmental planning and direction ; appraisal of stakeholders involved in environmental direction ; environmental perceptual experiences and instruction ; community engagement for environmental management/sustainability ; establishment edifice for environmental management/sustainable development ; biodiversity preservation ; natural resources direction ; environmental rehabilitation/restoration ; environmental political relations ; environmental assistance and establishment building† . While the list is non thorough, partially because Environmental Management is comparatively a nascent subject ( Barrow, 2006 ) and is still germinating, its wide range is readily appreciated at a glimpse, as it tends to techno-centric job work outing attack instead than reactive attack. Table 1 high spots some separating characteristics of traditional environmental direction as it were during its early development and at present. Mentioning to interdisciplinarity, the interdisciplinary nature of environmental direction is more than merely integrating. It is basically a modern manner of believing that involves designation, definition every bit good as reading of surveies with the position of proffering practical oriented solutions to environmental jobs ( O’Riordan, 1995 ) . Again, Transdisciplinary surveies harmonizing to Tress et Al. ( 2005 ) involves the integrating of both academic and non-academic participant ( stakeholders ) to research a common end with the creative activity of new cognition and theory. It is expressed from the definitions above that interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity are both integrative, in that new cognition and theory is created. However, a distinguishing component is that ‘transdisciplinary research combines interdisciplinarity with a participatory attack ( Tress et al. , 2005 ) Traditional Environmental Management Modern Environmental Management Largely ‘top-down attack ‘ ‘Bottom-up ‘ attack Management was autocratic participatory and much more integrative Short term program Long term program and hence sustainable Exploitational in attack Emphasizes stewardship instead than development. Tends to be reactive Tends to be proactive and participatory Disciplinary, at best multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary, or even holistic in attack State centric Non province factors involved in the procedure of EM Influence of natural scientific discipline subject Shift from the natural scientific discipline to societal scientific discipline Braid and Tress ( 2001 ) introduced a transdisciplinary landscape construct. The transdisciplinary landscape construct, harmonizing to Tress and Tress ( 2001 ) is based on five dimensions: the spacial entity, the mental entity, the temporal dimension, the link of nature and civilization, and the systemic belongingss of landscape. The significance of coaction in interdisciplinary and trandisciplinary research in the apprehension of human-environment interaction can non be overemphasized. Although environmental direction takes its root from the natural scientific discipline, nevertheless at that place seems to be a displacement from the natural scientific discipline to societal scientific discipline ( Bryant and Wilson, 1998 ) . Figure 1 as shown in the appendix depicts the profound influence from the societal scientific disciplines and once more, in the words of Wilsons and Bryant ( 1997, p 17 ) ‘Environmental Management operates at the intersection of a scope of subjects and su bdisciplines ‘ . From the foregoing, It is obvious that Environmental Management is progressively going interdisciplinary and using a great trade of transdisciplinarity attacks. For illustration, Wesselink ( 2008 ) and Potschin and Haines-Young ( 2005 ) have emphasized the importance of using transdisciplinarity in their surveies of land usage planning and landscape ecology respectively.. While the environmental jobs we face today are many and varied both in range and complexness, no one subject can efficaciously supply the cognition adequate plenty to to the full understand nor work out them ( Tress and Tress, 2001 ) . Modern attacks of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinarity in Environmental Management can be a Panacea of all local to planetary environmental ailments. This notwithstanding, more powerful and robust tools are needed for covering with the jobs of scaling and uncertainness which are important in the human-environment interaction at all graduated table. It is the place of this essay, hence, that while the hunt for a strong and robust tools continues in order to extenuate, control and prevent environmental jobs, active audience and coaction with local communities is a necessary ingredient for sustainable solution. Mentions Barrow, C. J 1999. Environmental Management: Principles and Practice. Routledge, London. Barrow, C. J. 2006. Environmental Management for Sustainable Development. 2nd edition. Routledge, London. Bryant R.L and Wilson G.A 1998. Rethinking Environmental Management. Advancement in Human Geography 22 ( 3 ) pp 321-343 Evans, J. and Randalls, S. 2008 Geography and Paratactical Interdisciplinarity: Positions from the ESRC-NERC PhD studentship programme. Geoforum 39 pp 581-592 Jones, P. and Macdonald, N. 2007. Geting it incorrect first clip: edifice on interdisciplinary research relationship. Area 39 ( 4 ) pp 490-498. O’Riordan, T. erectile dysfunction 1995 Environmental Science for Environmental Management Longman Scientific A ; Technical, England. Potschin, M and Haines-Young, R. 2006. †Rio+10 † , Sustainability Science and Landscape Ecology. Landscape and urban planning. 75, 162-74. Phillipson, J. and Lowe, P. 2009 Barriers to Research Collaboration across subjects: scientific paradigms and institutional patterns. Environment and Planing 41, pp 1171-1184 Klein, J. T. 2004 Prospects for Transdisciplinarity. Futures 36 pp 515-526 Braid, B and Tress, G 2001 Capitalising on Multiplicity: A Transdisciplinary Systems Approach to Landscape Research. Landscape and Urban Planning 57, pp 143-157 Braid, B. , Tress, G. , Fry, G. and Opdam, P. 2005 explosive detection systems. From Landscape Research to Landscape Planning: Aspects of Integration, Education and Application. Springer, Netherland. Wesselink, A 2009. The Emergence of interdisciplinary Knowledge in Problem-focussed Research. Area 41 ( 4 ) pp. 404-413. Wilson, G. A and Bryant, R.L 1997. Environmental Management: New Directions fot the Twenty-First Century.UCL, London How to cite The environmental management, Essay examples

Bill Gates And His Computer Empire Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Bill Gates and His Computer Empire Merely past 9 PM on October 28, 1955, the adult male who would revolutionise the computing machine industry as we know it, was born. The boy of Bill Jr. and Mary Gates was named William Henry Gates III. The computing machine super-genius was shortly to take his topographic point in history. Within the last 15 old ages the company that he and Paul Allan started, Microsoft, has become the largest package corporation in the computing machine industry. What is Bill Gates? background, and how did he continue his topographic point in history while accumulating his luck? Bill Gates grew up in a typical affluent household. His male parent, Bill Gates Jr. , was a attorney in Seattle, Washington. His female parent was a socialite homemaker and occasional instructor. Turning up, Bill Gates? moniker was # 8220 ; Trey. # 8221 ; This moniker was declarative of the III after his name. This moniker has stayed with him throughout his life to day of the month ( Wallace and Erikson 10 ) . Bill besides grew up as a in-between kid between his two sisters. His older sister is named Kirsti, and his younger sister? s name is Libby ( Sihvonen 3 ) . Bill Gates attended Lakeside School ( an expensive private school in Seattle ) as a kid. Bill Gates was foremost introduced to computing machines as a pupil at Lakeside School. A company called Computer Center Corporation ( referred to as # 8220 ; C-cubed # 8221 ; by Bill Gates ) leased computing machines from Digital Equipment Corporation. In 1968, the board of Lakeside School decided to supply a computing machine ( a GE PDP-10 connected via Teletype at the school ) , and computing machine clip for their pupils ( Wallace and Erikson 26 ) . Almost immediately, Bill and a smattering of fellow pupils were addicted to the new computing machine. Within a twelvemonth, Bill Gates, Paul Allan, and two other pupils of Lakeside School formed the Lakeside Programmer? s Group. At the age of 13, Bill Gates had already constructed an application ( plan ) that played ticktacktoe. Later, the Lakeside Programmer? s Group developed an application called Traf-O-Data. This was a plan that would cipher the figure of autos going down a route, and would give the best timing for a halt visib le radiation. C-cubed used Gates and his friends to seek and chop points, but Gates was frequently scolded for choping excessively much. Unfortunately, in 1970, C-cubed went out of concern. Soon after C-cubed went out of concern, Bill? s parents made him give up computing machines. They stated that he was going excessively addicted. With the same enthusiasm as he had placed in computing machines, he dove into his high school categories. He particularly committed himself to reading. His favourite books included Catcher in the Rye and A Separate Peace. Even though Bill tried to be # 8220 ; normal # 8221 ; in high school, he was still really much considered an castaway to those who did non cognize him. Those who did non cognize him thought of him as narcissistic and nerdy. To the opposite, those who did cognize him thought of him as energetic and a hazard taker ( Wallace and Erikson 25-37 ) . His best friend throughout life has been Paul Allan. Subsequently, it would be Gates and Allan that created Microsoft. After a one twelvemonth absence, Bill Gates one time once more took up computing machines and associated with the Lakeside Programmer? s Group. In 1971, the Lakeside Programmer? s Group received an first-class chance. They had received a call from Information Sciences Incorporated to make a plan that would cover with paysheets on a PDP-10 computing machine. Paul Allan and a friend told Gates that there was non adequate work to travel about, and non to worry about making anything in the undertaking. In the terminal, it was Gates and a friend who did most of the scheduling ( Wallace and Erikson 42 ) . Gates? male parent took attention of the legal deductions of the undertaking throughout this clip. Gates and the chap coders went on a coach to Portland, Oregon to present the merchandise. When they met the executives, they were given a sheet of paper and a pen to compose a sketch for them, so they could be hired on the topographic point. They agreed on a monetary value for the merchandise. It was 10 per centum of the net income in royalties. They besides received approximately ten thousand dollars worth of computing machine clip. In a joint attempt between Bill Gates and Kent Evans, they constructed an application to computerise category agendas. In the 1972-73 school twelvemonth, the school used the plan for a cost of two dollars per pupil. To this twenty-four hours, the alterations in the plan have merely been minor, as it is still being used. In the autumn of 1973, Bill Gates began college at Harvard University. His major was in pre-law, though he did non cognize what he wanted to make. In his 3rd twelvemonth of college, Bill Gates dropped out to get down a company called # 8220 ; Micro-Soft # 8221 ; ( A combination of # 8220 ; microcomputer package # 8221 ; ) , centered in Albuquerque, New Mexico. While still at Harvard, Bill Gates had been working on a new plan called # 8220 ; BASIC # 8221 ; ( Beginner? s General-purpose Symbolic Instruction ) . This was a new scheduling linguistic communication. The first computing machine to utilize BASIC was the Altair. Gates told the Altair executives that BASIC was done three hebdomads before it was really finished. This is an illustration of business-wise Gates is. If would non hold done this, he neer would hold received the contract to make and have the linguistic communication used on the Altair, and Bill Gates? company, Microsoft, would hold died. From so on, BASIC evolve d along with Microsoft. Bill Gates subsequently purchased a merchandise and rights to a radical new disc operating system called 86-QDOS from Seattle Computer Products. He so changed the name to MS-DOS and resold the merchandise for a net income. Keeping the rights, he got to have royalties in add-on to the sale monetary value of MS-DOS. Bill Gates and Microsoft still to this twenty-four hours have royalties and net incomes from the original 86-QDOS. Subsequently in the life of Microsoft, Bill Gates developed a new GUI ( Graphical User Interface ) , for a disc operating system. He called this new manner Windows. Windows versions 1-2 earned him a little sum of money, but the major kitty came from Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, and shortly, Windows 98. This new attack to a graphical interface has frequently been imitated, but no imitation has of all time come near to the power and friendliness of his Windows merchandises. Recently, Microsoft and Bill Gates have selected the Internet as the film editing border. They have focused their clip and attempt to make plans that will work with # 8220 ; the web # 8221 ; . The United States Justice Department has slapped Microsoft with an anti-trust case on behalf of the American people. By and large, the American people are happy with Microsoft because Microsoft? s merchandises run their computing machines. Bill Gates has non merely left his grade in the past, but is and will be in the present and future. With the future release of Windows 98, Bill Gates has shown that he has the remaining power in the Personal computer ( Personal Computer ) market like no other person or individual in history. In add-on to the operating systems, Microsoft besides has many other merchandises for Personal computer? s. Microsoft? s merchandises include Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, and Schedule+ . With these merchandises, Microsoft has made life easier for all people who use Personal computer? s. Not merely has Bill Gates changed the computing machine market for persons, but with Windows NT, he has focused in on the concern universe every bit good. Bill Gates to day of the month is worth a sum of 48.4 billion dollars. The tantamount sum would be if everyone in America were to give $ 179.54 ( Greenspun 1 ) . With this money, he has the chance to alter the universe physically, every bit good as in history. Plants Cited James Wallace, and Jim Erickson. Hard Drive. New York, New York: HarperBusiness, 1993. # 8220 ; In Search of the Real Bill Gates. # 8221 ; Time 13 January 1997. Sami Sihvonen, # 8220 ; Bill Gates FAQ. # 8221 ; Http: //www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/4211/bill-faq.htm April 10, 1998 Microsoft, # 8220 ; Bill Gates- About Bill. # 8221 ; Http: //www.microsoft.com April 10, 1998 Team Gates, # 8220 ; Bill Gates. # 8221 ; Http: //www.teamgates.com April 10, 1998 Philip Greenspun, # 8220 ; Bill Gates Personal Wealth Clock. # 8221 ; Http: //webho.com/WealthClock May 10, 1998